Gragg (1997:245) notes that it corresponds in etymology to velar or uvular fricatives in other Semitic languages, but it was pronounced exactly the same as ḥ in the traditional pronunciation. There is, however, no evidence either in the tradition or in Ethiopian Semitic what value these consonants may have had in Geʽez."Ī similar problem is found for the consonant transliterated ḫ. Gragg (1997:244) writes "The consonants corresponding to the graphemes ś (Geʽez ሠ) and ṣ́ (Geʽez ፀ) have merged with ሰ and ጸ respectively in the phonological system represented by the traditional pronunciation-and indeed in all modern Ethiopian Semitic. Geʽez is transliterated according to the following system (see Phoneme table below for IPA):īecause Geʽez is no longer spoken in daily life by large communities, the early pronunciation of some consonants is not completely certain. In the transcription employed by the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, which is widely employed in academia, the contrast here represented as a/ā is represented ä/a.Ĭonsonants Transliteration a /æ/ or /ɐ/ (as in Tigrinya) 5.5 Current usage in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Israel.1.2.3 Geʽez consonants in relation to Proto-Semitic.
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